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n-1-1-030.60.2
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1995-07-21
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030.60.2 Multimedia
by Larry Masinter <masinter@parc.xerox.com>
What's multimedia? For me, "Multimedia" is an adjective; it implies only that
human-sensible information is being transmitted (the "media") via the use of
more than simple text (the "multi"). That it crosses application areas
engenders confusion among those who try to bound the set of multimedia
applications. Much of the current growth of multimedia computing is a
byproduct of changes in consumer electronics. The transition of ordinary
consumer and office information devices and services (telephones, copiers,
cameras, television) from analog to digital is happening because those devices
can be made with better quality, features, and lower cost. These developments
shaped the technologies available for multimedia computing today, in support of
audio, document imaging, color and video. In particular, interest in
multimedia computing is fueled by the availability of low-cost hardware for
aquisition, compression, decompression and reproduction of page images (with
scanners, binary image compression using "Group 4" compression, and page-size
displays or image-capable printers), color (slide scanners, video frame
grabbers, and electronic cameras; JPEG compression, and color displays and
printers), sound (these days, most workstations and PCs either have built-in
sound capabilties or low-cost add-on boards are available), and full-motion
video. The activities in networking and communication center in two areas:
real-time or interactive communication in multimedia applications, and
transmission, storage and retrieval of static multimedia documents; call these
"telnet" and "ftp". For the "telnet" applications, the goal is to develop the
underlying infrastructure to support communication with real-time requirements.
At the transport layer, the conflicts between the telecommunications and
packet-network views of communications seem to be resolving in the ATM
standardization community. For more conventional internet activities, we'll
watch the development of extensions to X and other windowing protocols for
dealing with multimedia data, communication protocols for not-quite-real-time
network video and the like. For "ftp" applications, the focus is on is
standardizing the interchange formats and transmission mechanisms for
multimedia documents across the network. Thus, the IETF NetFax group is
pushing ahead with a profile for TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) format as the
standard for page images (fax or scanned), while the Internet Extensions Task
Force has been laying the groundwork for describing and encoding mail
containing audio, image or formatted text, possibly in multiple parts.
In other areas, we'll watch for development of interchange standards for
particular kinds of multimedia applications; for example, "MHEG" (the
Multimedia and Hypermedia Experts Group) is developing an interchange standards
for "synchronized multimedia and time dependent hypermedia structures",
scheduled to reach initial draft stage some time in 1993. Another group is
working on an international standard for AudioVisual Interactive 'scriptware'
(AVI).
Xerox Palo Alto Research Facility